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Ever wondered about the invisible complexities of a cat's heart? Discover the fascinating world of feline sinus arrest and sinoatrial block. Delve into the mysteries of these heart conditions and learn what they mean for our beloved companions. It's a startling reminder of the elegance and fragility embedded in every purr.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_sinus_arrest_sinoatrial_block
#FelineHeartMysteries #CatHealthInsights #CuriousCats
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_sinus_arrest_sinoatrial_block
#FelineHeartMysteries #CatHealthInsights #CuriousCats
Ever wondered about the invisible complexities of a cat's heart? Discover the fascinating world of feline sinus arrest and sinoatrial block. Delve into the mysteries of these heart conditions and learn what they mean for our beloved companions. It's a startling reminder of the elegance and fragility embedded in every purr.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_sinus_arrest_sinoatrial_block
#FelineHeartMysteries #CatHealthInsights #CuriousCats
,%20also%20called%20the%20sinus%20node,%20is%20the%20initiator%20of%20electrical%20impulses%20within%20the%20heart,%20triggering%20the%20heart%20to%20beat,%20or%20contract,%20by%20firing%20off%20electrical%20surges.%20Sinus%20arrest%20is%20a%20disorder%20of%20heart%20beat%20impulse%20formation%20caused%20by%20a%20slowing%20down%20or%20cessation%20of%20spontaneous%20sinus%20nodal%20automaticity%20%5Cu2013%20the%20automatic%20behavior%20of%20the%20tissues%20that%20set%20the%20pace%20for%20the%20heart's%20rhythm.%20It%20is%20the%20failure%20of%20the%20sinoatrial%20(SA)%20node%20to%20initiate%20an%20impulse%20at%20the%20expected%20time%20that%20leads%20to%20sinus%20arrest.%20Persistent%20sinus%20arrest%20that%20is%20not%20due%20to%20the%20use%20of%20a%20drug%20is%20often%20indicative%20of%20sick%20sinus%20syndrome%20(SSS)%20-%20a%20disorder%20of%20the%20heart%5Cu2019s%20electrical%20impulse%20formation%20within%20the%20sinus%20node.%20Sinoatrial%20block%20is%20a%20disorder%20of%20impulse%20conduction.%20This%20is%20when%20an%20impulse%20formed%20within%20the%20sinus%20node%20fails%20to%20be%20conducted%20through%20the%20atria%20(the%20interior%20of%20the%20heart),%20or%20when%20it%20does%20so%20with%20delay.%20Most%20commonly,%20the%20basic%20rhythm%20of%20the%20sinus%20node%20is%20not%20disturbed%20when%20the%20impulses%20fail%20to%20conduct%20properly.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Usually%20asymptomatic%20(without%20symptoms)%20Weakness%20Fainting%20Pale%20gums%20Very%20slow%20heart%20rate,%20may%20be%20possible%20to%20detectSinoatrial%20block%20is%20classified%20into%20first,%20second,%20and%20third-degree%20SA%20block%20(similar%20to%20degrees%20of%20atrioventricular%20%5BAV%5D%20block).%20It%20is%20difficult%20to%20diagnose%20first%20and%20third-degree%20SA%20block%20from%20an%20electrocardiogram%20(ECG)%20reading%20only.%20Second-degree%20SA%20block%20is%20the%20most%20common%20type%20of%20SA%20block,%20and%20the%20only%20degree%20that%20can%20be%20recognized%20on%20a%20surface%20ECG.%20In%20addition,%20there%20are%20two%20types%20of%20second-degree%20SA%20blocks:%20Mobitz%20type%20I%20(also%20called%20Wenckebach%20periodicity)%20and%20Mobitz%20type%20II.%20First-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Slowed%20conduction%20Second-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Failure%20to%20conduct%20is%20intermittent%20Two%20types%20of%20second-degree%20SA%20block%20occur:%20Mobitz%20type%20I%5C/Wenckebach%20periodicity%20%5Cu2013%20speed%20of%20conduction%20slows%20gradually%20until%20failure%20of%20impulses%20to%20reach%20the%20atria%20occurs%20Mobitz%20type%20II%20%5Cu2013%20block%20is%20all,%20or%20none,%20until%20complete%20conduction%20failure%20takes%20place%20The%20two%20types%20cannot%20be%20differentiated%20on%20a%20surface%20ECG%20Third-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Complete%20failure%20to%20conductCauses%20Physiologic%20Vagal%20stimulation%20(i.e.,%20stimulation%20of%20the%20vagus%20nerves%20of%20the%20pharynx),%20caused%20by%20coughing,%20and%20irritation%20of%20the%20pharynx%20(back%20of%20the%20mouth%5C/beginning%20of%20throat)%20High%20pressure%20in%20the%20eye,%20or%20carotid%20artery%20sinus%20(carries%20blood%20from%20the%20heart%20to%20the%20brain)%20Surgical%20manipulation%20Pathologic%20Degenerative%20heart%20disease:%20heart%20grows%20tougher%20and%20less%20flexible%20Dilatory%20heart%20disease:%20heart%20enlarges,%20and%20fails%20Sudden%20inflammation%20of%20the%20heart%20Cancer%20of%20the%20heart%20Sick%20sinus%20syndrome%20(SSS):%20intermittent%20rapid%20and%20slow%20supraventricular%20arrhythmias%20Irritation%20of%20vagus%20nerve,%20secondary%20to%20neck%20or%20chest%20cancer%20Electrolyte%20imbalance:%20abnormal%20levels%20of%20potassium%20in%20blood%20Drug%20toxicity%20(e.g.,%20digoxin)%20Diagnosis%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20perform%20a%20complete%20physical%20exam%20on%20your%20cat,%20with%20a%20blood%20chemical%20profile,%20a%20complete%20blood%20count,%20an%20electrolyte%20panel%20and%20a%20urinalysis.%20The%20electrolyte%20panel%20may%20show%20hyperkalemia,%20abnormal%20levels%20of%20potassium%20in%20the%20blood,%20which%20can%20lead%20to%20arrhythmias.%20You%20will%20need%20to%20give%20a%20thorough%20history%20of%20your%20cat's%20health,%20including%20a%20history%20of%20symptoms,%20and%20their%20onset.%20Thoracic%20(chest)%20x-rays%20and%5C/or%20a%20cardiac%20ultrasound%20imaging%20may%20be%20taken%20by%20your%20veterinarian%20to%20confirm%20or%20rule%20out%20heart%20disease%20and%20abnormal%20tissue%20growth%20(neoplasia).%20A%20provocative%20atropine%20response%20test%20may%20be%20done%20to%20assess%20sinus%20node%20function.%20This%20test%20uses%20the%20drug%20atropine%20to%20stimulate%20the%20firing%20action%20of%20the%20SA%20Node.%20Cats%20with%20SSS%20generally%20will%20have%20no%20response,%20or%20will%20have%20an%20incomplete%20response%20to%20the%20atropine.%20Treatment%20Most%20patients%20will%20be%20treated%20on%20an%20outpatient%20basis.%20Only%20patients%20showing%20clinical%20signs%20of%20illness%20should%20be%20hospitalized.%20Fluid%20therapy%20will%20be%20given%20to%20patients%20in%20need%20of%20it.%20Very%20ill%20patients%20that%20are%20not%20responding%20to%20medical%20therapy%20may%20require%20implantation%20of%20an%20artificial%20pacemaker,%20and%20will%20be%20hospitalized%20prior%20to%20surgery%20in%20preparation%20of%20it.%20If%20your%20pet%20becomes%20excessively%20weak,%20or%20is%20showing%20signs%20of%20losing%20consciousness,%20or%20fainting,%20it%20will%20need%20to%20have%20its%20activity%20restricted.%20Living%20and%20Management%20After%20care%20will%20be%20dependent%20on%20whether%20your%20cat%20has%20an%20underlying%20disease,%20along%20with%20the%20SA%20block.%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20schedule%20follow-up%20appointments%20as%20necessary,%20and%20an%20ECG%20reading%20will%20be%20done%20at%20each%20visit%20to%20follow%20your%20cat's%20progress.%20If%20your%20cat%20becomes%20weak,%20or%20loses%20consciousness,%20contact%20your%20veterinarian%20immediately%20for%20advisement.%22%7D){kind=logo}
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,%20pulmonic%20stenosis%20(obstruction%20of%20blood%20flow%20through%20the%20pulmonary%20valve),%20an%20overriding%20aorta,%20and%20right%20ventricular%20hypertrophy%20(thickening%20of%20the%20heart%20muscle).%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Weakness%20Fainting%20Shortness%20of%20breath%20CyanosisCauses%20Tetralogy%20of%20Fallot%20is%20a%20congenital%20disease%20that%20likely%20is%20influenced%20by%20genetic%20factors.%20Keeshonds%20and%20English%20bulldogs%20are%20predisposed.%20Diagnosis%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20start%20with%20a%20physical%20examination%20on%20your%20dog,%20which%20may%20reveal%20a%20heart%20murmur.%20Routine%20blood%20testing%20may%20be%20recommended.%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20likely%20want%20to%20take%20radiographs%20(X-rays)%20of%20the%20heart%20and%20an%20ultrasonic%20study%20of%20the%20heart%20(known%20as%20an%20echocardiogram)%20will%20probably%20be%20necessary%20as%20well.%20Other%20testing%20that%20may%20be%20pursued%20include%20an%20electrocardiogram%20(ECG),%20pulse%20oximetry%20(measurement%20of%20hemoglobin%20saturation),%20and%5C/or%20angiocardiography.%20Treatment%20Exercise%20restriction%20is%20important%20when%20dealing%20with%20dogs%20with%20Tetralogy%20of%20Fallot%20in%20order%20to%20reduce%20the%20strain%20on%20the%20heart.%20Periodic%20phlebotomy%20may%20be%20necessary%20to%20maintain%20an%20appropriate%20packed%20cell%20volume.%20Palliative%20surgical%20procedures%20have%20been%20advocated%20to%20improve%20blood%20flow.%20Medications%20such%20as%20propanolol%20may%20be%20beneficial%20in%20controlling%20symptoms%20associated%20with%20this%20defect.%22%7D){kind=logo}
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