If your cat is showing unusual symptoms, it might be worth researching less common health concerns, like cold agglutinin disease. Understanding these conditions can help in managing your pet's health effectively.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_cold_agglutinin_disease
#cathealth #veterinaryadvice
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_cold_agglutinin_disease
#cathealth #veterinaryadvice
If your cat is showing unusual symptoms, it might be worth researching less common health concerns, like cold agglutinin disease. Understanding these conditions can help in managing your pet's health effectively.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/cardiovascular/c_ct_cold_agglutinin_disease
#cathealth #veterinaryadvice
.%22,%22articleBody%22:%22Cold%20Agglutinin%20Disease%20in%20Cats%20This%20is%20a%20rare%20type%20II%20autoimmune%20disorder%20in%20which%20antibodies%20that%20attack%20red%20blood%20cells%20have%20enhanced%20activity%20at%20temperatures%20of%20less%20than%2099%5Cu00b0%20F%20(37.2%5Cu00b0%20C).%20The%20term%20agglutinin%20refers%20to%20an%20antibody%20that%20causes%20antigens,%20such%20as%20red%20blood%20cells%20or%20bacteria,%20to%20adhere%20to%20each%20each%20other.%20Cold%20agglutinins%20with%20low%20thermal%20capacity%20are%20usually%20associated%20with%20direct%20red%20blood%20cell%20agglutination%20(adhesion)%20at%20low%20body%20temperatures%20in%20the%20peripheral%20blood%20vessel%20network%20(i.e.,%20the%20vessels%20outside%20of%20the%20main%20circulatory%20network).%20Cold%20limbs%20or%20other%20peripheral%20clotting%20phenomena%20are%20initiated%20or%20intensified%20by%20exposure%20to%20cold.%20Fixation%20of%20complement%20and%20hemolysis%20(the%20release%20of%20hemogloblin%20in%20the%20blood%20stream%20when%20a%20red%20blood%20cell%20breaks)%20is%20a%20warm-reactive%20process%20occurring%20at%20high%20body%20temperatures;%20therefore,%20patients%20may%20have%20very%20high%20concentrations%20of%20cold%20agglutinins,%20but%20these%20antibodies%20may%20be%20unable%20to%20hemolyze%20red%20blood%20cells%20(erythrocytes)%20at%20the%20warmer%20temperatures%20achieved%20in%20the%20bloodstream.%20Most%20cold%20agglutinins%20cause%20little%20or%20no%20shortening%20of%20red%20blood%20cell%20life%20span.%20High%20thermal%20amplitude%20cold%20agglutinins%20(rare)%20may%20cause%20sustained%20hemolysis,%20but%20the%20resulting%20anemia%20is%20often%20mild%20and%20stable.%20Exposure%20to%20cold%20may%20enhance%20binding%20of%20cold%20agglutinins%20and%20complement%20mediated%20release%20of%20hemoglobin%20within%20the%20vessels%20(intravascular%20hemolysis).%20A%20low%20titer%20(concentration%20test)%20of%20naturally-occurring%20cold%20agglutinins%20(usually%201:32%20or%20less)%20may%20be%20found%20in%20healthy%20cats,%20but%20this%20is%20without%20clinical%20significance.%20The%20disease%20has%20a%20genetic%20basis;%20however,%20mean%20age%20and%20range,%20breed,%20and%20sex%20predilections%20are%20unknown.%20The%20condition%20is%20more%20likely%20to%20occur%20in%20colder%20climates.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20History%20of%20cold%20exposure%20Acrocyanosis%20(blueness%20of%20skin)%20associated%20with%20sludging%20of%20red%20blood%20cell%20clumps%20in%20the%20blood%20vessel%20network%20of%20the%20skin%20Erythema%20(redness%20of%20the%20skin)%20Skin%20ulceration%20(with%20secondary%20crusting%5C/necrosis)%20Dry,%20gangrenous%20necrosis%20of%20ear%20tips,%20tail%20tip,%20nose,%20and%20feet%20Affected%20areas%20may%20be%20painful%20Anemia%20may%20or%20may%20not%20be%20evident:%20associated%20with%20pallor,%20weakness,%20tachycardia%20(rapid%20heartbeat),%20tachypnea%20(rapid%20breathing),%20jaundice,%20change%20of%20skin%20color,%20mild%20splenomegaly%20(enlargement%20of%20the%20spleen),%20and%20soft%20heart%20murmurCauses%20Primary%20disease%20%5Cu2013%20idiopathic%20(unknown)%20Secondary%20disease%20in%20cats%20%5Cu2013%20associated%20with%20upper%20respiratory%20infection%20Cold%20exposure%20is%20a%20risk%20factorDiagnosis%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20perform%20a%20thorough%20physical%20exam%20on%20your%20cat,%20taking%20into%20account%20the%20background%20history%20of%20symptoms%20and%20possible%20incidents%20that%20might%20have%20precipitated%20this%20condition.%20Diagnosis%20is%20made%20by%20the%20historical%20findings,%20such%20as%20exposure%20to%20cold,%20the%20results%20of%20the%20physical%20examination,%20and%20demonstrating%20cold%20agglutination%20(adhesion%20of%20red%20blood%20cells)%20in%20vitro.%20Skin%20lesions%20typically%20present%20as%20inflammation%20of%20the%20blood%20vessels%20in%20the%20skin%20(erythema),%20acrocyanosis,%20and%20ulceration%20of%20the%20tips%20of%20the%20ears%20and%20tail,%20nose%20and%20feet.%20Other%20associated%20conditions%20to%20rule%20out%20include%20hepatocutaneous%20syndrome(skin%20disease%20caused%20caused%20by%20liver%20disease);%20erythema%20multiforme%20(reaction%20to%20infection%20or%20medication);%20toxic%20epidermic%20necrolysis%20(blistering%20and%20peeling);%20dermatomyositis%20(skin%20rash%20caused%20by%20a%20muscle%20disease),%20disseminated%20intravascular%20coagulation%20(DIC)%20%5Cu2013%20bleeding%20into%20the%20skin;%20systemic%20lupus%20erythematosus%20(SLE);%20lymphoreticular%20neoplasms%20(cancer%20caused%20by%20proliferation%20of%20red%20cells%20in%20the%20lymphs);%20frostbite;%20lead%20poisoning;%20and%20pemphigus%20(an%20autoimmune%20disease).%20A%20diagnosis%20of%20anemia%20should%20be%20demonstrated%20by%20blood%20tests%20to%20help%20distinguish%20warm%20antibody%20hemolytic%20anemia%20(autoimmune%20disease)%20from%20other%20causes%20of%20red%20blood%20cell%20destruction%5C/loss.%20Macroscopic%20hemagglutination%20(clumping%20of%20red%20blood%20cells)%20in%20vitro%20may%20lead%20to%20rouleaux%20formation%20(stacks%20of%20red%20blood%20cells,%20as%20with%20coin%20rolls);%20mimicking%20erythrocyte%20agglutination%20(red%20blood%20cell%20clumping)%20on%20a%20glass%20slide.%20Treatment%20Your%20cat%20will%20need%20to%20be%20hospitalized%20in%20a%20warm%20environment%20until%20its%20health%20has%20stabilized%20and%20the%20disease%20is%20nonprogressive.%20Supportive%20care%20and%20wound%20management%20depend%20on%20clinical%20signs.%20If%20necrosis%20involving%20the%20tail%20tip%20or%20feet%20is%20severe,%20amputation%20may%20be%20required.%20Removal%20of%20the%20spleen%20is%20of%20little%20assistance%20in%20patients%20with%20IgM-mediated%20hemolytic%20disorders,%20but%20may%20be%20helpful%20in%20those%20with%20therapy-resistant%20IgG-mediated%20hemolytic%20anemia.%20Living%20and%20Management%20Animals%20that%20have%20suffered%20from%20this%20condition%20are%20prone%20to%20relapse.%20Keep%20your%20cat%20in%20a%20warm%20environment%20at%20all%20times%20to%20prevent%20relapse.%20Prognosis%20is%20guarded%20to%20fair%20and%20recovery%20may%20take%20weeks.%22%7D){kind=logo}
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