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If your cat has been diagnosed with cancer, you might have heard about chlorambucil as a treatment option. It's important to understand how this medication works and what side effects to watch for.
https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/chlorambucil
#cathealth #petmedication
https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/chlorambucil
#cathealth #petmedication
If your cat has been diagnosed with cancer, you might have heard about chlorambucil as a treatment option. It's important to understand how this medication works and what side effects to watch for.
https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/chlorambucil
#cathealth #petmedication
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%20in%20Cats%22,%22inLanguage%22:%22en-US%22,%22isFamilyFriendly%22:%22True%22,%22articleSection%22:%22Skin%22,%22thumbnailUrl%22:%22%22,%22image%22:%7B%22@type%22:%22ImageObject%22,%22url%22:%22%22%7D,%22author%22:%7B%22@type%22:%22Person%22,%22name%22:%22PetMD%20Editorial%22,%22url%22:%22https:%5C/%5C/www.petmd.com%5C/author%5C/tierischgut%22%7D,%22keywords%22:%22Cat,%20Cancer,%20Skin%20health%22,%22publisher%22:%7B%22@type%22:%22Organization%22,%22name%22:%22PetMD%22,%22logo%22:%7B%22@type%22:%22ImageObject%22,%22url%22:%22https:%5C/%5C/www.petmd.com%5C/images%5C/petmd_logo.png%22%7D,%22url%22:%22https:%5C/%5C/www.petmd.com%22%7D,%22mainEntityOfPage%22:%7B%22@type%22:%22WebPage%22,%22@id%22:%22https:%5C/%5C/www.petmd.com%5C/cat%5C/conditions%5C/skin%5C/c_ct_melanocytic_tumors_skin_digit%22%7D,%22datePublished%22:%222009-12-08T09:03:41-05:00%22,%22dateModified%22:%222022-08-24T14:46:00-04:00%22,%22description%22:%22Melanocytic%20tumors%20are%20benign%20or%20cancerous%20growths,%20arising%20from%20melanocytes%20(pigment-producing%20skin%20cells)%20and%20melanoblasts%20(melanin-producing%20cells%20that%20develop%20or%20mature%20into%20melanocytes).%22,%22articleBody%22:%22Melanocytic%20Tumors%20of%20the%20Skin%20and%20Digits%20in%20Cats%20Melanocytic%20tumors%20are%20benign%20or%20cancerous%20growths,%20arising%20from%20melanocytes%20(pigment-producing%20skin%20cells)%20and%20melanoblasts%20(melanin-producing%20cells%20that%20develop%20or%20mature%20into%20melanocytes).%20These%20tumors%20do%20not%20seem%20to%20have%20a%20genetic%20basis;%20however,%20cat%20ages%208%20to%2014%20seem%20to%20have%20a%20predilection%20to%20the%20condition.%20In%20addition,%20melanocytic%20tumors%20can%20be%20found%20in%20both%20dogs%20and%20cats.%20If%20you%20would%20like%20to%20learn%20more%20about%20this%20condition%20affects%20dogs,%20please%20visit%20this%20page%20in%20the%20PetMD%20health%20library.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Melanocytic%20tumors%20may%20develop%20anywhere%20on%20a%20cat's%20body,%20though%20it%20is%20more%20common%20on%20the%20head,%20toes%20(digits),%20ear,%20and%20nose.%20Depending%20on%20the%20location%20of%20the%20lesion,%20they%20may%20be%20pigmented%20or%20non-pigmented.%20Additionally,%20lymph%20nodes%20near%20the%20affected%20area%20may%20become%20enlarged.%20These%20masses%20may%20develop%20slowly%20or%20rapidly,%20but%20in%20advance%20stages%20of%20the%20disease,%20the%20cat%20may%20have%20trouble%20breathing%20or%20make%20harsh%20lung%20sounds%20due%20to%20the%20spread%20of%20the%20cancer%20into%20the%20lungs.%20Furthermore,%20if%20the%20masses%20have%20spread%20to%20a%20limb,%20the%20cat%20may%20appear%20lame%20or%20have%20difficulty%20walking.%20Causes%20The%20cause%20of%20melanocytic%20tumors%20in%20cats%20is%20currently%20unknown.%20Diagnosis%20Cell%20examination%20and%20special%20stains%20may%20distinguish%20amelanotic%20melanoma%20from%20poorly%20differentiated%20mast%20cell%20tumors,%20lymphoma,%20and%20carcinoma.%20Your%20veterinarian%20may%20also%20X-ray%20the%20affected%20area%20to%20determine%20if%20the%20underlying%20bone%20has%20been%20compromised,%20especially%20if%20the%20growth%20is%20one%20a%20toe%20(or%20digit).%20Treatment%20Depending%20on%20the%20severity%20and%20location%20of%20the%20tumor,%20your%20veterinarian%20may%20need%20to%20surgically%20remove%20it.%20He%20or%20she%20may%20also%20recommend%20chemotherapy%20if%20surgical%20removal%20is%20incomplete%20or%20if%20the%20cancer%20has%20spread%20to%20other%20vital%20organs.%20Living%20and%20Management%20Because%20early%20detection%20of%20recurrence%20is%20crucial,%20your%20veterinarian%20will%20recommend%20regular%20followup%20exams%20subsequent%20to%20the%20surgery%20(every%20three%20months%20for%2024%20months).%20However,%20it%20is%20important%20that%20you%20bring%20the%20cat%20back%20to%20veterinarian%20immediately%20if%20you%20suspect%20the%20mass%20has%20returned.%22%7D){kind=logo}
%20--%20is%20transmitted%20to%20the%20ventricles%20(the%20heart's%20bottom%20two%20chambers)%20and%20then%20passes%20through%20the%20atrioventricular%20(AV)%20node%20into%20the%20AV%20bundle.%20Wolff-Parkinson-White%20Syndrome%20(WPW)%20is%20when%20ventricular%20pre-excitation%20occurs%20as%20impulses%20originating%20in%20the%20sinoatrial%20node%20or%20atrium%20activate%20a%20portion%20of%20the%20ventricles%20prematurely%20through%20an%20accessory%20pathway%20without%20going%20through%20the%20AV%20node,%20causing,%20among%20other%20things,%20an%20abnormally%20fast%20heart%20beat%20rhythm%20(supraventricular%20tachycardia).%20(The%20remainder%20of%20the%20ventricles%20is%20activated%20normally%20through%20the%20usual%20conduction%20system.)%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Fainting%20(syncope)%20Extremely%20rapid%20heart%20rate%20(approaching%20400%20to%20500%20beats%20per%20minute)Causes%20WPW%20syndrome%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20congenital%20or%20acquired%20heart%20defects.%20Congenital%20Heart%20Disease%20Congenital%20defect%20limited%20to%20the%20heart%20beat%5Cu2019s%20conduction%20system%20Hole%20in%20between%20the%20two%20atria%20(atrial%20septal%20defect)Acquired%20Heart%20Disease%20Hypertrophic%20cardiomyopathyDiagnosis%20You%20will%20need%20to%20give%20a%20thorough%20history%20of%20your%20cat's%20health%20to%20your%20veterinarian,%20including%20the%20onset%20and%20nature%20of%20the%20symptoms.%20He%20or%20she%20will%20then%20perform%20a%20complete%20physical%20examination%20as%20well%20as%20a%20complete%20blood%20count,%20biochemistry%20profile,%20urinalysis,%20and%20electrolyte%20panel%20--%20the%20results%20of%20which%20are%20typically%20normal.%20Echocardiography,%20meanwhile,%20may%20show%20structural%20heart%20disease%20often%20associated%20WPW%20syndrome.%20Treatment%20If%20your%20cat%20is%20suffering%20from%20ventricular%20pre-excitation%20but%20does%20not%20have%20tachycardia,%20no%20treatment%20is%20needed.%20However,%20those%20with%20WPW%20syndrome%20will%20require%20conversion%20by%20dirrect%20shock%20(the%20most%20effective%20treatment)%20or%20by%20ocular%20or%20carotid%20sinus%20pressure,%20or%20drugs.%20Catheter%20ablation%20with%20radiofrequency%20current%20is%20a%20relatively%20recent%20technique%20that%20allows%20accessory%20pathways%20to%20be%20destroyed%20or%20ablated%20by%20a%20transvenous%20catheter%20positioned%20at%20the%20site%20of%20the%20pathway%20in%20the%20heart.%20It%20may%20be%20recommended%20due%20to%20the%20alternative:%20a%20lifelong%20therapy%20of%20drugs.%20Living%20and%20Management%20The%20prognosis%20depends%20on%20the%20severity%20of%20the%20underlying%20cause.%20Most%20pets%20with%20WPW%20syndrome,%20however,%20respond%20well%20to%20therapy%20for%20supraventricular%20tachycardia.%22%7D){kind=spacer}
,%20also%20called%20the%20sinus%20node,%20is%20the%20initiator%20of%20electrical%20impulses%20within%20the%20heart,%20triggering%20the%20heart%20to%20beat,%20or%20contract,%20by%20firing%20off%20electrical%20surges.%20Sinus%20arrest%20is%20a%20disorder%20of%20heart%20beat%20impulse%20formation%20caused%20by%20a%20slowing%20down%20or%20cessation%20of%20spontaneous%20sinus%20nodal%20automaticity%20%5Cu2013%20the%20automatic%20behavior%20of%20the%20tissues%20that%20set%20the%20pace%20for%20the%20heart's%20rhythm.%20It%20is%20the%20failure%20of%20the%20sinoatrial%20(SA)%20node%20to%20initiate%20an%20impulse%20at%20the%20expected%20time%20that%20leads%20to%20sinus%20arrest.%20Persistent%20sinus%20arrest%20that%20is%20not%20due%20to%20the%20use%20of%20a%20drug%20is%20often%20indicative%20of%20sick%20sinus%20syndrome%20(SSS)%20-%20a%20disorder%20of%20the%20heart%5Cu2019s%20electrical%20impulse%20formation%20within%20the%20sinus%20node.%20Sinoatrial%20block%20is%20a%20disorder%20of%20impulse%20conduction.%20This%20is%20when%20an%20impulse%20formed%20within%20the%20sinus%20node%20fails%20to%20be%20conducted%20through%20the%20atria%20(the%20interior%20of%20the%20heart),%20or%20when%20it%20does%20so%20with%20delay.%20Most%20commonly,%20the%20basic%20rhythm%20of%20the%20sinus%20node%20is%20not%20disturbed%20when%20the%20impulses%20fail%20to%20conduct%20properly.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Usually%20asymptomatic%20(without%20symptoms)%20Weakness%20Fainting%20Pale%20gums%20Very%20slow%20heart%20rate,%20may%20be%20possible%20to%20detectSinoatrial%20block%20is%20classified%20into%20first,%20second,%20and%20third-degree%20SA%20block%20(similar%20to%20degrees%20of%20atrioventricular%20%5BAV%5D%20block).%20It%20is%20difficult%20to%20diagnose%20first%20and%20third-degree%20SA%20block%20from%20an%20electrocardiogram%20(ECG)%20reading%20only.%20Second-degree%20SA%20block%20is%20the%20most%20common%20type%20of%20SA%20block,%20and%20the%20only%20degree%20that%20can%20be%20recognized%20on%20a%20surface%20ECG.%20In%20addition,%20there%20are%20two%20types%20of%20second-degree%20SA%20blocks:%20Mobitz%20type%20I%20(also%20called%20Wenckebach%20periodicity)%20and%20Mobitz%20type%20II.%20First-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Slowed%20conduction%20Second-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Failure%20to%20conduct%20is%20intermittent%20Two%20types%20of%20second-degree%20SA%20block%20occur:%20Mobitz%20type%20I%5C/Wenckebach%20periodicity%20%5Cu2013%20speed%20of%20conduction%20slows%20gradually%20until%20failure%20of%20impulses%20to%20reach%20the%20atria%20occurs%20Mobitz%20type%20II%20%5Cu2013%20block%20is%20all,%20or%20none,%20until%20complete%20conduction%20failure%20takes%20place%20The%20two%20types%20cannot%20be%20differentiated%20on%20a%20surface%20ECG%20Third-degree%20sinoatrial%20block%20Complete%20failure%20to%20conductCauses%20Physiologic%20Vagal%20stimulation%20(i.e.,%20stimulation%20of%20the%20vagus%20nerves%20of%20the%20pharynx),%20caused%20by%20coughing,%20and%20irritation%20of%20the%20pharynx%20(back%20of%20the%20mouth%5C/beginning%20of%20throat)%20High%20pressure%20in%20the%20eye,%20or%20carotid%20artery%20sinus%20(carries%20blood%20from%20the%20heart%20to%20the%20brain)%20Surgical%20manipulation%20Pathologic%20Degenerative%20heart%20disease:%20heart%20grows%20tougher%20and%20less%20flexible%20Dilatory%20heart%20disease:%20heart%20enlarges,%20and%20fails%20Sudden%20inflammation%20of%20the%20heart%20Cancer%20of%20the%20heart%20Sick%20sinus%20syndrome%20(SSS):%20intermittent%20rapid%20and%20slow%20supraventricular%20arrhythmias%20Irritation%20of%20vagus%20nerve,%20secondary%20to%20neck%20or%20chest%20cancer%20Electrolyte%20imbalance:%20abnormal%20levels%20of%20potassium%20in%20blood%20Drug%20toxicity%20(e.g.,%20digoxin)%20Diagnosis%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20perform%20a%20complete%20physical%20exam%20on%20your%20cat,%20with%20a%20blood%20chemical%20profile,%20a%20complete%20blood%20count,%20an%20electrolyte%20panel%20and%20a%20urinalysis.%20The%20electrolyte%20panel%20may%20show%20hyperkalemia,%20abnormal%20levels%20of%20potassium%20in%20the%20blood,%20which%20can%20lead%20to%20arrhythmias.%20You%20will%20need%20to%20give%20a%20thorough%20history%20of%20your%20cat's%20health,%20including%20a%20history%20of%20symptoms,%20and%20their%20onset.%20Thoracic%20(chest)%20x-rays%20and%5C/or%20a%20cardiac%20ultrasound%20imaging%20may%20be%20taken%20by%20your%20veterinarian%20to%20confirm%20or%20rule%20out%20heart%20disease%20and%20abnormal%20tissue%20growth%20(neoplasia).%20A%20provocative%20atropine%20response%20test%20may%20be%20done%20to%20assess%20sinus%20node%20function.%20This%20test%20uses%20the%20drug%20atropine%20to%20stimulate%20the%20firing%20action%20of%20the%20SA%20Node.%20Cats%20with%20SSS%20generally%20will%20have%20no%20response,%20or%20will%20have%20an%20incomplete%20response%20to%20the%20atropine.%20Treatment%20Most%20patients%20will%20be%20treated%20on%20an%20outpatient%20basis.%20Only%20patients%20showing%20clinical%20signs%20of%20illness%20should%20be%20hospitalized.%20Fluid%20therapy%20will%20be%20given%20to%20patients%20in%20need%20of%20it.%20Very%20ill%20patients%20that%20are%20not%20responding%20to%20medical%20therapy%20may%20require%20implantation%20of%20an%20artificial%20pacemaker,%20and%20will%20be%20hospitalized%20prior%20to%20surgery%20in%20preparation%20of%20it.%20If%20your%20pet%20becomes%20excessively%20weak,%20or%20is%20showing%20signs%20of%20losing%20consciousness,%20or%20fainting,%20it%20will%20need%20to%20have%20its%20activity%20restricted.%20Living%20and%20Management%20After%20care%20will%20be%20dependent%20on%20whether%20your%20cat%20has%20an%20underlying%20disease,%20along%20with%20the%20SA%20block.%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20schedule%20follow-up%20appointments%20as%20necessary,%20and%20an%20ECG%20reading%20will%20be%20done%20at%20each%20visit%20to%20follow%20your%20cat's%20progress.%20If%20your%20cat%20becomes%20weak,%20or%20loses%20consciousness,%20contact%20your%20veterinarian%20immediately%20for%20advisement.%22%7D){kind=logo}
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