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Liver conditions like arteriovenous malformations in cats reveal the delicate complexity within our feline friends. It’s fascinating to learn how such rare conditions affect their health and what signs to watch for. Every detail helps us care better.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/digestive/c_ct_arteriovenous_malformation_liver
#CatHealthInsights #FelineLiverCare #PetMedicalFacts
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/digestive/c_ct_arteriovenous_malformation_liver
#CatHealthInsights #FelineLiverCare #PetMedicalFacts
Liver conditions like arteriovenous malformations in cats reveal the delicate complexity within our feline friends. It’s fascinating to learn how such rare conditions affect their health and what signs to watch for. Every detail helps us care better.
https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/digestive/c_ct_arteriovenous_malformation_liver
#CatHealthInsights #FelineLiverCare #PetMedicalFacts
%20fistula%20is%20generally%20a%20congenital%20based%20condition,%20which%20causes%20abnormal%20passages%20to%20develop%20between%20the%20proper%20liver%20(hepatic)%20arteries%20and%20the%20inner%20liver%20(intrahepatic)%20portal%20veins.%22,%22articleBody%22:%22Arteriovenous%20Malformation%20of%20the%20Liver%20in%20Cats%20Intrahepatic%20arteriovenous%20(AV)%20fistula%20is%20generally%20a%20congenital%20based%20condition,%20which%20causes%20abnormal%20passages%20to%20develop%20between%20the%20proper%20liver%20(hepatic)%20arteries%20and%20the%20inner%20liver%20(intrahepatic)%20portal%20veins.%20It%20can%20also%20develop%20through%20surgical%20injury,%20trauma,%20and%20abnormal%20tissue%20or%20bone%20growth%20(neoplasia).%20Although%20this%20condition%20is%20uncommon%20in%20cats,%20it%20does%20occur.%20This%20severe%20illness%20can%20be%20addressed%20with%20fair%20results%20when%20a%20proper%20diagnosis%20has%20been%20settled%20on.%20Most%20treatment%20will%20be%20on%20an%20outpatient%20basis%20and%20will%20include%20a%20planned%20diet,%20dietary%20restrictions,%20and%20long%20term%20observation.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Cats%20suffering%20from%20AV%20fistula%20may%20show%20lethargy,%20anorexia,%20vomiting,%20diarrhea,%20weight%20loss,%20excessive%20thirst%20(polydipsia),%20dementia,%20and%20abdominal%20swelling.%20There%20are%20several%20other%20signs%20of%20AV%20fistula,%20such%20as:%20Ascites%20(fluid%20in%20the%20abdomen)%20Congenital%20heart%20malformations%20Hemorrhages%20Abnormal%20portal%20vein%20coagulation%20(thrombosis)%20Protein%20loss%20in%20the%20kidney%20(nephropathy)%20Intestinal%20abnormality%20(enteropathy)%20hypertension%20Liver%20disease,%20cirrhosis%20of%20liverThe%20central%20nervous%20system%20may%20also%20be%20affected%20by%20this%20condition.%20Symptoms%20can%20include:%20Distemper%20and%20other%20infectious%20disorders%20Lead%20poisoning,%20water%20on%20the%20brain%20(hydrocephalus)%20Idiopathic%20epilepsy%20Metabolic%20disorders%20Brain%20degeneration%20associated%20with%20liver%20failure%20(hepatic%20encephalopathy)Causes%20There%20is%20no%20particular%20breed%20that%20shows%20a%20higher%20predisposition%20than%20another.%20Hepatic%20AV%20is%20a%20vascular%20(vessel)%20malformation%20that%20is%20genetically%20determined%20during%20the%20embryonic%20stage%20of%20development%20-%20also%20referred%20to%20as%20embryologic%20anlage.%20Most%20conditions%20begin%20to%20show%20at%20an%20early%20age.%20In%20some%20cases%20of%20AV,%20surgical%20injury,%20trauma,%20or%20tumor%20growth%20(neoplasia)%20can%20lead%20to%20the%20problem.%20Diagnosis%20The%20disorder%20can%20be%20tested%20for%20by%20conducting%20a%20complete%20blood%20count%20(CBC),%20biochemistry,%20and%20urinalysis%20techniques,%20as%20well%20as%20coagulation%20tests,%20abdominal%20(peritoneal)%20fluid%20analysis,%20and%20an%20evaluation%20of%20bile%20acids%20(digestive%20secretion%20from%20the%20liver).%20X-rays,%20ultrasounds,%20liver%20biopsies,%20and%20explaratory%20laparotomies%20(incision%20into%20the%20abdominal%20wall)%20are%20other%20exams%20that%20may%20help%20to%20diagnose%20the%20liver%20malformation.%20Treatment%20While%20some%20cats%20will%20require%20surgical%20care,%20most%20can%20be%20treated%20at%20home%20with%20proper%20nursing%20care.%20Modifications%20to%20the%20diet%20will%20often%20include%20dietary%20restrictions%20on%20nitrogen%20and%20sodium.%20Hydration%20and%20electrolyte%20disturbances%20will%20also%20be%20addressed%20and%20treated.%20Drugs%20that%20rely%20on%20liver%20biotransformation%20should%20be%20avoided,%20along%20with%20any%20drugs%20that%20will%20react%20with%20GABA-benzodiazepine%20receptors%20(the%20transmitters%20that%20inhibit%20anxiety%20and%20over%20excitement).%20Veterinarians%20commonly%20prescribe%20histamines%20for%20blood%20pressure%20reduction,%20and%20diuretics%20(furosemides)%20to%20relieve%20excess%20fluid.%20Living%20and%20Management%20It%20will%20be%20important%20for%20your%20veterinarian%20to%20monitor%20your%20cat's%20biochemistry%20every%20few%20weeks,%20and%20then%20every%20few%20months%20following%20the%20initial%20treatment%20routines.%20Prognosis%20is%20fair%20when%20AV%20is%20properly%20treated,%20although%20your%20cat%20will%20require%20ongoing%20monitoring%20and%20treatment%20to%20address%20any%20related%20health%20issues%20that%20may%20arise.%20Prevention%20As%20the%20health%20issue%20is%20mostly%20congenital%20in%20nature,%20there%20are%20no%20preventative%20measures%20to%20consider.%22%7D){kind=spacer}
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%20to%20undergo%20reversible%20vacuolar%20changes%20due%20to%20glycogen%20accumulation.%22,%22articleBody%22:%22Steroid%20Related%20Liver%20Disease%20in%20Cats%20Vacuolar%20hepatopathy%20causes%20liver%20cells%20(hepatocytes)%20to%20undergo%20reversible%20vacuolar%20changes%20due%20to%20glycogen%20accumulation.%20The%20storage%20form%20of%20glucose,%20glycogen%20accumulates%20in%20liver%20cells%20because%20of%20steroid%20medication%20overuse,%20an%20overproduction%20of%20steroids%20in%20the%20body,%20or%20due%20to%20an%20endocrine%20disorder%20(e.g.,%20hyperadrenocorticism,%20atypical%20adrenal%20hyperplasia).%20Vacuolar%20hepatopathy%20is%20rare%20in%20cats.%20Symptoms%20and%20Types%20Symptoms%20are%20ultimately%20based%20on%20the%20underlying%20cause%20of%20the%20hepatopathy;%20some%20of%20the%20more%20common%20signs%20include:%20Panting%20Lethargy%20Loss%20of%20hair%20(alopecia)%20Increased%20thirst%20and%20urination%20(polydipsia%20and%20polyuria)%20Increased%20appetite%20(polyphagia)%20Abdominal%20distention%20Muscle%20weakness%20Bruises%20on%20skin%20Friable%20(easily%20crumbled)%20skin%20Although%20it%20is%20rare,%20the%20cat%20may%20demonstrate%20symptoms%20of%20liver%20failure.%20Causes%20Drug%20administration%20(e.g.,%20glucocorticoids)%20Hyperadrenocorticism%20Atypical%20adrenal%20hyperplasia%20Chronic%20infections%20Cancer%20Congenital%20Diagnosis%20You%20will%20need%20to%20give%20a%20thorough%20history%20of%20your%20cat%5Cu2019s%20health,%20including%20the%20onset%20and%20nature%20of%20the%20symptoms.%20The%20veterinarian%20will%20then%20conduct%20a%20complete%20physical%20examination,%20as%20well%20as%20a%20biochemistry%20profile,%20urinalysis,%20and%20complete%20blood%20count%20(CBC)%20--%20the%20results%20of%20which%20will%20depend%20on%20the%20underlying%20cause%20of%20the%20condition.%20Blood%20testing,%20for%20example,%20may%20reveal%20anemia,%20abnormally%20high%20number%20of%20red%20blood%20cells%20(polycythemia),%20increased%20number%20of%20leukocytes%20or%20white%20blood%20cells,%20and%20abnormally%20high%20number%20platelets%20(thrombocytosis).%20Biochemistry%20profile,%20meanwhile,%20may%20reveal%20abnormal%20levels%20of%20liver%20enzymes,%20high%20levels%20of%20albumin%20(blood%20protein),%20and%20bilirubin,%20and%20abnormally%20high%20levels%20of%20cholesterol.%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20conduct%20the%20abdominal%20X-rays%20to%20identify%20the%20size%20of%20the%20liver,%20and%20thoracic%20X-rays%20to%20determine%20the%20size%20of%20lymph%20nodes,%20or%20metastasis,%20in%20the%20case%20of%20tumor(s)%20and%20cardiac%20or%20pulmonary%20disorders.%20Abdominal%20ultrasound,%20meanwhile,%20may%20reveal%20enlarged%20liver%20and%20changes%20in%20liver%20tissue%20due%20to%20extensive%20lesions%20and%20other%20concurrent%20problems%20within%20abdominal%20cavity.%20There%20are%20also%20other,%20more%20specific%20and%20sensitive%20tests%20available%20to%20evaluate%20the%20liver,%20thyroid%20gland,%20and%20pituitary%20gland%20functions.%20Your%20veterinarian%20may%20take%20a%20live%20tissue%20sample%20to%20be%20sent%20to%20veterinary%20pathologist%20for%20further%20evaluation,%20often%20revealing%20the%20presence%20of%20vacuoles%20within%20liver%20cells%20and%20changes%20related%20to%20this%20abnormal%20accumulation.%20In%20addition,%20liver%20biopsies%20help%20in%20ruling%20out%20other%20liver%20diseases.%20If%20infection%20is%20suspected,%20your%20veterinarian%20will%20take%20the%20sample%20to%20be%20sent%20to%20laboratory%20for%20culture%20and%20sensitivity.%20Culturing%20the%20sample%20helps%20in%20growing%20and%20identifying%20the%20causative%20organisms%20and%20sensitivity%20provide%20information%20related%20to%20antibiotics%20most%20effective%20against%20isolated%20organisms.%20Treatment%20The%20course%20of%20treatment%20will%20depend%20on%20the%20underlying%20cause%20of%20the%20disease.%20However,%20due%20to%20reversible%20nature%20of%20this%20condition,%20early%20treatment%20will%20usually%20completely%20resolve%20the%20problem.%20If%20pituitary%20masses%20are%20present,%20radiation%20therapy%20is%20used%20to%20destroy%20these%20masses%20within%20pituitary%20glands.%20Tumor(s)%20may%20also%20be%20excised%20surgically.%20In%20case%20of%20dental%20disease,%20proper%20antibiotics%20are%20used%20to%20control%20the%20infection.%20In%20case%20of%20infections,%20proper%20antibiotics%20are%20used%20to%20control%20and%20treat%20infections%20after%20culture%20and%20sensitivity%20testing.%20And%20in%20cases%20of%20underactive%20thyroid%20glands%20(hypothyroidism),%20thyroxine%20supplementation%20is%20required.%20Living%20and%20Management%20The%20cat%20will%20require%20regular%20follow-up%20exams%20following%20treatment%20to%20evaluate%20the%20animal%20its%20liver%20function.%20Your%20veterinarian%20will%20also%20often%20recommend%20modifying%20the%20cat's%20diet,%20especially%20if%20it%20has%20developed%20pacreatitis,%20which%20will%20require%20a%20low-fat%20diet.%20Prognosis%20depends%20on%20the%20extent%20of%20disease;%20in%20some%20patients,%20prognosis%20is%20poor%20despite%20treatment.%22%7D){kind=logo}
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